| [Index] |
| James GARLAND (1813 - 1904) |
| Pastoralist, Police Superintendent, MP |
| b. 13 Aug 1813 at Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland |
| m. 1839 Emma Carne BROUGHTON (1815 - 1893) at Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| d. 17 Nov 1904 at Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia aged 91 |
| Parents: |
| Thomas GARLAND (1763 - 1859) |
| Catherine ADAMS (1784 - 1818) |
| Events in James GARLAND (1813 - 1904)'s life | |||||
| Date | Age | Event | Place | Notes | Src |
| 13 Aug 1813 | James GARLAND was born | Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | |||
| 15 Jun 1818 | 4 | Death of mother Catherine ADAMS (aged 34) | Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| 1839 | 26 | Married Emma Carne BROUGHTON (aged 24) | Sydney, New South Wales, Australia | V1839340 23B/1839 | |
| 1840 | 27 | Birth of son James Robert GARLAND | New South Wales, Australia | V18401190 24A/1840 | |
| 1842 | 29 | Birth of son Thomas Archer Sparling GARLAND | New South Wales, Australia | V18421261 26A/1842 | |
| 1844 | 31 | Birth of son William John GARLAND | New South Wales, Australia | V18445012 47/1844 | |
| 1845 | 32 | Birth of daughter Eliza Jane GARLAND | New South Wales, Australia | V1845960 49/1845 | |
| 1847 | 34 | Birth of daughter Isabella Catherine GARLAND | New South Wales, Australia | V1847961 49/1847 | |
| 1848 | 35 | Birth of son Frances Marion GARLAND | New South Wales, Australia | V18482079 34A/1848 | |
| 09 Nov 1850 | 37 | Birth of son Broughton Clayton GARLAND | Tooma, New South Wales, Australia | V1850208 51/1850 | |
| abt 1853 | 40 | Birth of son Edward Adam GARLAND | New South Wales, Australia | ||
| 1855 | 42 | Birth of daughter Emma GARLAND | New South Wales, Australia | ||
| 1857 | 44 | Birth of son George Benjamin GARLAND | Concord, New South Wales, Australia | 2940/1857 | |
| 1859 | 46 | Birth of son Kennedy Theodore GARLAND | Concord, New South Wales, Australia | 3744/1859 | |
| 15 Jun 1859 | 45 | Death of father Thomas GARLAND (aged 95) | Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| 1893 | 80 | Death of wife Emma Carne BROUGHTON (aged 78) | Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia | 13927/1893 | |
| 07 Dec 1902 | 89 | Death of son Kennedy Theodore GARLAND (aged 43) | Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia | 16089/1902 | |
| 17 Nov 1904 | 91 | James GARLAND died | Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia | 14935/1904 | |
| Personal Notes: |
|
GARLAND, JAMES (1813-1904), pastoralist and police superintendent, was born on 13 August 1813 at Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the youngest son of Thomas Garland, tenant farmer, and his wife Catherine, née Adams. He was educated by Revs J. Milne and W. Lillie, and in 1828 entered King's College, University of Aberdeen (M.A., 1832). In 1835 he bought a commission in the 99th Regiment, transferred to the 28th and arrived at Sydney in June 1836 in the Strathfieldsay. Stationed at Parramatta for a year, he sold out in 1837 and with a fellow officer, William Cadell, took up Darbalara station in wild mountain country on the Tumut River. In June 1839 Garland married Emma Broughton whom he had met when she took refuge from bushrangers with the 'Soldier Officers'. After fifty-three years of marriage Garland wrote that 'never did he cease to bless the bushrangers for sending me such a treasure'. In 1840 he sold Darbalara and lived mostly at Lachlan Vale, Appin, and in 1842 became a magistrate. In the 1840s he took up four other runs on the Upper Murrumbidgee and Hume Rivers in partnership with George Mair. In 1852 Garland held Maragle and Tooma, a total of 80,000 acres (32,375 ha). About 1855 he moved to Sydney where he set up a stock and pastoral agency in partnership with Edward Bingham to deal in squatting ventures.
In May 1856 Garland was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the Lachlan and Lower Darling but failed to live up to his maiden speed which the Empire thought afforded 'promise of considerable debating ability and decided usefulness in the conduct of public business'. In 1857 he did not seek re-election and next year visited Britain. In 1859 he was defeated for the Tumut seat. In 1861 Garland & Bingham became insolvent and their estate was sequestrated. Although not involved in the 'reckless conduct' and 'unnecessary expenditure' of his partner, Garland honourably surrendered his private fortune. He was granted his discharge certificate in 1862 but the insolvent estate was not wound up until 1902. On 1 March 1862 he was appointed police superintendent for the north-western district, with headquarters at Tamworth under the reorganization provisions of the new Police Regulation Act, 1862. His district was infested with bushrangers including Captain Thunderbolt, and raw recruits needed careful training. 'Robberies were of daily occurrence, the mails were being perpetually interrupted, and the commercial world was beginning to lose faith in the postal means of communication'. In May 1868 when a harbourer of 'the very worst of cattle stealers and bushrangers' was appointed to the Commission of the Peace Garland protested and proceeded to make the district 'one of the most peaceful in New South Wales'. A 'just officer' to his men, he retired on 28 February 1882. He was the first president of the Tamworth Mechanics' Institute and in 1885 was appointed to the local land board. Survived by six sons and four daughters to whom he left £1300, he died on 17 November 1904 and was buried in the Anglican cemetery, West Tamworth. Select Bibliography W. F. Morrison, The Aldine Centennial History of New South Wales, vol 2 (Syd, 1888); T. B. Clouston (ed), Tumut Centenary Celebrations 1824-1924 (Syd, 1924); Sydney Morning Herald, 9 May 1844, 24 May 1856, 18 Nov 1904, Empire (Sydney), 26, 31 May 1856; Tamworth Observer, 8, 12 Apr 1882, 19 Nov 1904; Tamworth News, 19 Nov 1904; insolvency file 5328 (State Records New South Wales); manuscript, printed catalogues and newspaper indexes under J. Garland (State Library of New South Wales); WO 17/2320-22. More on the resources Author: Martha Rutledge Print Publication Details: Martha Rutledge, 'Garland, James (1813 - 1904)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 4, Melbourne University Press, 1972, pp 230-231. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A040258b.htm Mr James GARLAND (1813 - 1904) * Date of Birth: 13/08/1813 * Place of Birth: Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland * Date of Death: 17/11/1904 * Place of Death: Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia The Parliamentary Archives does not have a picture of this Member. Parliamentary Service Position Start End Period Parliament Notes Member of the NSW Legislative Assembly 19 Apr 1856 19 Dec 1857 1yr(s) 8mth(s) 1day(s) Member for Lachlan and Lower Darling 19 Apr 1856 19 Dec 1857 1yr(s) 8mth(s) 1day(s) 1st (1856 - 1857) Library Committee No.4 3 Jun 1856 18 Mar 1857 9mths 16days 1st (1856 - 1857) Sydney Bethel Union Bill Committee No.9 13 Aug 1856 18 Mar 1857 7mths 6days 1st (1856 - 1857) Governor General’s Opening Speech 11 Aug 1857 11 Aug 1857 1day 1st (1856 - 1857) The Library Committee No.3 12 Aug 1857 18 Dec 1857 4mths 7days 1st (1856 - 1857) Elections and Qualifications Committee 19 Aug 1857 18 Dec 1857 3mths 30days 1st (1856 - 1857) By Speaker's Warrant Navigation of the Murray and its Effluents Committee No.10 27 Oct 1857 18 Dec 1857 1mth 22days 1st (1856 - 1857) Chairman Community Activity Commissioned as a Justice of the Peace in 1842. First President of Tamworth Mechanics Institute. Member of the Local Land Board in 1885. Qualifications, occupations and interests Pastoralist. Educated by Reverends J.Milne and W.Lillie, and at Kings College, University of Aberdeen (M.A 1832). Left the Army in 1837 and with William Cadell took up Darbalara station; sold out to L.F DeSalis in 1840. Lived mostly at Lachlan Vale, Appin. In 1840's took up 4 other runs in partnership with George Mair; in 1852 held Maragle and Tooma, totalling 80,000 acres. Moved to Sydney c.1855, leaving the management of estates to his partner. Set up stock and pastoral agency with Edward Bingham and became a bankrupt in 1861. Discharged in 1862. Police Superintendent based at Tamworth from 1862 - 1882. Military Service Purchased a commission in 99th Regiment of 1835; transferred to 28th Regiment and moved to New South Wales in 1836; stationed at Parramatta. Personal Son of Thomas Garland, tenant farmer, and his wife Catherine Adams. Married Emma Broughton in June 1839 and they had, 4 daughters and 6 sons. His son, Edward Adam Garland, was Usher of the Black Rod in the Legislative Council 1906 - 1907; and Clerk Assistant 1907 - 1913. Additional Information Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB), Volume 4 http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/members.nsf/ec78138918334ce3ca256ea200077f5d/d29f4f29052c2e12ca256e2e0082013d!OpenDocument |
| Source References: |
| 73. Type: Book, Abbr: Pioneers of Tumut Valley, Title: Pioneers of the Tumult Valley , The History of Early Settlement, Auth: H.E. Snowden, Publ: Tumut & District Historical Society Incorporated, Date: 2004 |
| - Reference = 36 (Name, Notes) |
| - Notes: James Garland and Mr Codhill who had both retired from H.M. 28th Reglment, took up land at Darbalara in 1837.
They were there in 1838 when bushrangers held up Blowering and Tumut Plains Statlon. In a letter to Fanny Brown (daughter of EG Brown) in 1901 Garland wrote of the bushranging episode. He wrote that four armed and desperate scoundrels under the leadership of one named Hall and the other, Maine, came across from Monaro and stuck up Dr. Clayton's Blowering Station. They helped themselves to the stores and delayed a day consuming whatever liquor they could manage. Word had been passed along ahead of them to the stations down the river and to the Border Police at Yass who hastened to Tumut Plains and there arrested two of the hold-up men. The leaders made a clean get-away but later on after having committed murder were apprehended and executed. Mr. Garland also stated in his letter that feeling they would have greater protection at Darbalara, Dr. Clayton and Mrs. Clayton of Blowering, Mrs. and Miss Broughtam of Gocup and Mrs. Shelley and her son Rowland hastened to that place and were there when the police passed back with two of the arrested bushrangers. It was on this visit that Mr. Garland first met and later became engaged to and married Miss Broughton. James Gormly remembers travelling With James Garland from Yass to Sydney on the mail coach. The coach used to take three days to travel the one hundred and ninety miles from Yass to Sydney and would stop at the Spread Eagle Hotel on the corner of George and Market Streets. In 1856 Mr. Garland became the member of the Legislative Assembly for the Electorate of Lachlan and Lower Darling in the first NSW parliament. James Gormly later also entered parliament representing the Murrumbidgee in 1885-94 and Wagga Wagga in 1894-1904 in the Legislative Assembly. After this he was a member of the Legislative Council from 1904 to 1922. |